var, panchang ke panch angon men se ek hai aur iski ganna ka ek adhar hai. isi adhar se kuch sutra bhi bane hain aur is saral se adhar ko samjhne ke bad ap bhi apne sutra bana sakte hain. aiye, sarvapratham ham var ke adhar ko samjhen: kailendar ke aranbh ki gatha 532 i. ke aspas juliyas sijar ka bol-bala tha aur usne apne shasan ke dauran ek kailendar nikala tha jise roman ya juliyan kailendar bhi kaha gaya. is ganna men ek sal ko 365.25 din ke barabar mana gaya. arthat, pratyek varsh men 365 din hue aur pratyek char varshon ke pashchat vale varsh men ek din (0.25 g 4 = 1) jod diya gaya aur use lip varsh kaha gaya kyonki usmen 366 din the. karib 1000 varshon tak juliyan kailendar chalta raha. samay ke sath-sath saurmandal evan din-rat ka adhyayan bhi gahra hota raha aur kuch mahatvapurn shodhon dvara yah nishkarsh nikala gaya ki prithvi, surya ke sapeksh (surya ko kendra ya sthir mankr) men, basant sampat bindu se vapas usi bi ndu par 365.2422 din men ati hai n ki 365.25 din men jo juliyan kailendar ka adhar tha.
is galti ke karan pratyek 400 varshon men karib 3 din jyada ho rahe the: juliyan = 365.25 g 400 = 146100 din naya drishtikon = 365.2422g 400= 146096.88 din in shodhon men mahatvap urn bhumika khagolvid .savlepne spasapane ne nibhai aur unke bad bitpejvchimat bsanapne ne usmen jaruri sanshodhan kiye. faltah juliyan kailendar men sudhar ki jarurat mahsus ki gayi. us samay kaitholik charchon ka adhikar kshetra bahut vistrit tha aur sabhi mahatvapurn nirnay pop dvara liye jate the. 1582 i. men, jab chvacham latamahavatal gppp rom ki charch ke mukhya pop the, tab yah nishkarsh nikala gaya ki juliyan kailendar ke 365.25 din ki vajah se ab tak karib 12 din jyada ho chuke hain: 365.25 - 365.2422 = 0.0078 g 1582 = 12.3 din parantu unhonne ganna ka adhar 1 i. se nahin liya balki 325 i. se liya jab bvanadabapas v ichpbman ne mnejamat ki tarikh ghoshit ki thi jiska adhar basant sampat bindu tha.
is prakar 1257 (1582-325) varshon ki galti hi unke liye mahatvapurn thi: 365.25 -365.2422 = 0.0078g1257 = 9.8046 din atah chvacham latamahavatal gpp ne ek dharmadesh dvara yah ghoshit kiya ki guruvar -vbajavaimt-1582 ke bad shukravar -vbajavaimt-1582 nahin hoga balki shukravar -vbajavaimt-1582 hoga. 4-aktubar ki rat ko log soye par jab uthe to 15-aktubar ki subah thi. vbajavaimt-1582 ka kailendar kuch is prakar dikha: isliye 1582 men janme is naye kalendar ko ‘gregori kailendr’ kaha gaya. dhire-dhire sabhi deshon ne is kailendar ko apna liya aur aj yah sarvamanya hai. ismen keval juliyan kailendar ke 400 varshon men 3 din vali galti ko sudh aarne ke lie shatabdi (1700, 1800, 1900 ityadi) ko lip varsh nahin mana gaya aur keval usi shatabdi ko lip varsh mana gaya jo 400 se bhag ho sake jaise shatabdi 1600, 2000, 2400 ityadi.
isse kai hajar varshon men ek din ka antar ayega. arthat, ek varsh ko 365.2422 ki bajay 365.2425 man liya gaya jo ki nimn prakar se paribhashit kiya gaya: agar har 400 varshon men 303 (400/4=100 updne tin shatabdiyan jinko lip varsh nahin mana gaya) samanya varsh aur 97 lip varsh hote hain to ausat sal ki lambai: 365 $ (97/400) = 365.2425 din = 365 din, 5 ghante, 49 minat aur 12 sekand is prakar: ek varsh = 365.2425 din 100 varsh = 36524.25 din 400 varsh = 36524.25 g 4 =jh 146097 din agar ham 400 varshon ke kul dinon men se purn saptah nikal den (7 se bhag karke) to shunya shesh bachega. athart, 1-1-1601 ko jo din tha vahi din 400 varshon ke pashchat 1-1-2001 ko bhi hoga. iske atirikt kailendar bhi ek hi hoga kyonki 1600 aur 2000 char se bhag hone vali shatabdi hain arthat donon lip varsh hain aur donon ke farvri men 29 din honge.
isse yah bhi tatparya hai ki kisi bhi varsh ki ek nishchit tarikh ka vahi var hota hai jo 400 varsh purva us tarikh ko tha. arthat, har 400 varsh ke bad vahi varsh kailendar punah avritti karta hai, 2015 men 1615 vala kailendar hi hoga. var nikalne ki vidhi var nikalne ke liye hamen tarikh tak ke purn saptahon ko nikal kar dekhna hota hai ki kitna shesh bacha aur is shesh se hi var niklta hai: shatabdi men purn saptahon se adhik din var ganna men varsh agar, û 2000 ke bad ka hoga to ham adhar shatabdi 2000 lenge kyonki 31-12-2000 (ravivar) tak ke kul dinon ko sat se bhag dene ke bad shesh din shunya tha aur 1-1-2001 somvar se shuru hua. isi prakar 1-1-1601 evan 1-1-2401 bhi somvar hoga aur unke kul dinon men se purn saptah nikalne ke bad kuch bhi shesh nahin bachta.
û 2000 ya usse pahle ka hoga to ham adhar shatabdi 1600 lenge. û 1700-1800, 1800-1900 ya 1900-2000 ke bich ka ho to ham iski nimn ganna karenge: tarike se samjhte hanai ki pratyek mahine men purn saptah nikalne ke bad kitne din shesh bachenge. mahina din purn saptahon se adhik din ki ganna adhik din janvri 31 31 $ 7 = 4 p urn saptah aur adhik din? 3 farvri 28 samanya varsh 28$7 = 4 aur adhik din? lip varsh 0 29 29$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 1 march 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 aprail 30 30$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 2 mai 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 jun 30 30$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 2 julai 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 agast 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 sitambar 30 30$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 2 aktubar 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 navambar 30 30$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 2 disanbar 31 31$7 = 4 aur adhik din? 3 jnisam 2ru mahinon men purn saptahon se adhik dinon ki ganna pratyek mahine ke adhik din yad rakhne ke liye nimn tarike ka prayog kar sakte hain ya ap apni suvidhanusar koi aur tarika nikal sakte hain: û j. f. ma.: 3 0 3 (lip varsh men 3 1 3) û a. m. j u.: 2 3 2 û ju. a. si.: 3 3 2 û a. n. di.: 3 2 3 ganna ki gati tej karne ke liye har chaithai varsh (jaise j. se ma.) ki kul sankhya yad rakhen: û j. f. ma.: 6 (lip varsh men 7) û a. m. j u.: 7 û ju. a. si.: 8 û a. n. di.: 8 samanya varsh men agar tarikh aktubar ki hai to ap ko baki ke mahinon ke adhik dinon ke chinta nahin karni hai kyonki vah shunya hi hoga.
kaise? 6 $ 7 $ 8 = 21 $ 7 = 0 isi prakar navambar aur disambar men bhi ap aktubar ke adhik dinon se ginna shuru kar sakte hain. 3.2 var ki sankhya tarikh tak ke purn saptah nikalne ke bad jo sankhya shesh bachegi usi se var niklega. agar shesh: sankhya 1 =jh somvar sankhya 2 =jh manglvar sankhya 3 =jh budhvar sankhya 4 =jh guruvar sankhya 5 =jh shukravar sankhya 6 =jh shanivar sankhya 7 ya 0 =jh ravivar udaharan var nikalne ke liye itna adhar paryapt hai. ab ham kuch udaharan lenge aur niyamabaddh tarike se var nikalenge aur dhire-dhire apki var nikalne ki gati svatah tej hoti jayegi. koshish karen ki nimn aipag aijmche ke kram se hi ganna karen jisse arambh men galti hone ki sambhavna nyunatam ho jaye: