श्राद्ध कर्म: कब, क्यों और कैसे?

shraddh karma: kab, kyon aur kaise?  

Future Point
Views : 10116 | September 2014

bhartiya shastron men aisi manyata hai ki pitrigan pitripaksh men prithvi par ate hain aur 15 dinon tak prithvi par rahne ke bad apne lok laut jate hain. shastron men bataya gaya hai ki pitripaksh ke dauran pitri apne parijnon ke as-pas rahte hain islie in dinon koi bhi aisa kam nahin karen jisse pitrigan naraj hon. pitron ko khush rakhne ke lie pitri paksh mane kuch baton par vishesh dhyan dena chahie. pitri paksh ke dauran brahman, jamata, bhanja, mama, guru, nati ko bhojan karana chahie. isse pitrigan atyant prasann hote hain. brahmanon ko bhojan karvate samay bhojan ka patra donon hathon se pakarakar lana chahie anyatha bhojan ka ansh rakshas grahan kar lete hain jisse brahmanon dvara ann grahan karne ke bavjud pitrigan bhojan ka ansh grahan nahin karte hain.

pitri paksh men dvar par ane vale kisi bhi jiv-jantu ko marna nahin chahie balki unke yogya bhojan ka prabandh karna chahie. har din bhojan banne ke bad ek hissa nikalakar gay, kutta, kaua athva billi ko dena chahie. manyata hai ki inhen diya gaya bhojan sidhe pitron ko prapt ho jata hai. sham ke samay ghar ke dvar par ek dipak jalakar pitrignon ka dhyan karna chahie. hindu dharm granthon ke anusar jis tithi ko jiske purvaj gaman karte hain, usi tithi ko unka shraddh karna chahie. is paksh men jo log apne pitron ko jal dete hain tatha unki mrityutithi par shraddh karte hain, unke samast manorath purn hote hain.

jin logon ko apne parijnon ki mrityu ki tithi gyat nahin hoti, unke lie pitri paksh men kuch vishesh tithiyan bhi nirdharit ki gai hain, jis din ve pitron ke nimitt shraddh kar sakte hain. ashvin krishn pratipda: is tithi ko nana-nani ke shraddh ke lie sahi bataya gaya hai. is tithi ko shraddh karne se unki atma ko shanti milti hai. yadi nana-nani ke parivar men koi shraddh karne vala n ho aur unki mrityutithi yad n ho, to ap is din unka shraddh kar sakte hain. panchmi: jinki mrityu avivahit sthiti men hui ho, unka shraddh is tithi ko kiya jana chahie. navmi: saubhagyavti yani pati ke rahte hi jinki mrityu ho gai ho, un striyon ka shraddh navmi ko kiya jata hai. yah tithi mata ke shraddh ke lie bhi uttam mani gai hai. islie ise matrinvmi bhi kahte hain.

manyata hai ki is tithi par shraddh karm karne se kul ki sabhi divangat mahilaon ka shraddh ho jata hai. ekadshi aur dvadshi: ekadshi men vaishnav sannyasi ka shraddh karte hain. arthat is tithi ko un logon ka shraddh kie jane ka vidhan hai, jinhonne sannyas liya ho. chaturdashi: is tithi men shastra, atma-hatya, vish aur durghatana yani jinki akal mrityu hui ho unka shraddh kiya jata hai jabki bachchon ka shraddh krishn paksh ki trayodshi tithi ko karne ke lie kaha gaya hai.

sarvapitrimoksh amavasya: kisi karan se pitripaksh ki anya tithiyon par pitron ka shraddh karne se chuk gae hain ya pitron ki tithi yad nahin hai, to is tithi par sabhi pitron ka shraddh kiya ja sakta hai. shastra anusar, is din shraddh karne se kul ke sabhi pitron ka shraddh ho jata hai. yahi nahin jinka marne par sanskar nahin hua ho, unka bhi amavasya tithi ko hi shraddh karna chahie. baki to jinki jo tithi ho, shraddhapaksh men usi tithi par shraddh karna chahie. yahi uchit bhi hai. pinddan karne ke lie safed ya pile vastra hi dharan karen. jo is prakar shraddhadi karm sanpann karte hain, ve samast manorthon ko prapt karte hain aur anant kal tak svarg ka upbhog karte hain. vishesh: shraddh karm karne valon ko nimn mantra tin bar avashya parhna chahie. yah mantra brahma ji dvara rachit ayu, arogya, dhan, lakshmi pradan karne vala amritmantra hai- devtabhyah pitribhyashch mahayogishch ev ch. namah svadhayai svahayai nityamev bhavantyut (vayu puran) .. shraddh sadaiv dopahar ke samay hi karen.

pratah evan sayankal ke samay shraddh nishedh kaha gaya hai. hamare dharma-granthon men pitron ko devtaon ke saman sangya di gai hai. ‘siddhant shiromni’ granth ke anusar chandrama ki udhrva kaksha men pitrilok hai jahan pitri rahte hain. pitri lok ko manushya lok se ankhon dvara nahin dekha ja sakta. jivatma jab is sthul deh se prithak hoti hai us sthiti ko mrityu kahte hain. yah bhautik sharir 27 tatvon ke sanghat se bana hai. sthul panch mahabhuton evan sthul karmendriyon ko chorne par arthat mrityu ko prapt ho jane par bhi 17 tatvon se bana hua sukshm sharir vidyaman rahta hai. hindu manyataon ke anusar ek varsh tak prayah sukshm jiv ko naya sharir nahin milta.

mohavash vah sukshm jiv svajnon v ghar ke aspas ghumta rahta hai. shraddh karya ke anushthan se sukshm jiv ko tripti milti hai isilie shraddh karm kiya jata hai. aisa kuch bhi nahin hai ki is anushthan men brahmanon ko jo bhojan khilaya jata hai vahi padarth jyon ka tyon usi akar, vajan aur pariman men mritak pitron ko milta hai. vastav men shraddhapurvak shraddh men die gae bhojan ka sukshm ansh parinat hokar usi anupat v matra men prani ko milta hai jis yoni men vah prani hai. pitri lok men gaya hua prani shraddh men die hue ann ka svadha rup men parinat hue ko khata hai. yadi shubh karm ke karan mar kar pita devta ban gaya to shraddh men diya hua ann use amrit men parinat hokar devyoni men prapt hoga. gandharva ban gaya ho to vah ann anek bhogon ke rup men prapt hota hai. pashu ban jane par ghas ke rup men parivartit hokar use tript karega.

yadi nag yoni mili to shraddh ka ann vayu ke rup men tripti ko prapt hoga. danav, pret v yaksh yoni milne par shraddh ka ann nana ann pan aur bhogyarsadi ke rup men parinat hokar prani ko tript karega. sachche man, vishvas, shraddha ke sath kie gae sankalp ki purti hone par pitron ko atmik shanti milti hai. tabhi ve ham par ashirvad rupi amrit ki varsha karte hain. shraddh ki sanpurn prakriya dakshin disha ki or munh karke ki jati hai. is avasar par tulsi dal ka prayog avashya karna chahie. gaya, pushkar, prayag, haridvar adi tirthon men shraddh karne ka vishesh mahatva hai. jis din shraddh karen us din purn brahmacharya ka palan karen. shraddh ke din krodh, chirchirapan aur kalah se dur rahen. pitron ko bhojan samagri dene ke lie mitti ke bartanon ka prayog kiya jae to achcha hai. kele ke patte ya lakri ke bartan ka bhi prayog kiya ja sakta hai.

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